Writing A Strong College Admissions Essay

Writing A Strong College Admissions Essay It might seem strange to think about writing your conclusion before you write the body of your essay, but unless you know where you are going you can easily lose direction. Also, the conclusion is the last thing the reader actually reads, so it needs to be memorable. A guide on writing essays including a brief summary of content, structure, and style. In the conclusion you need to summarise the main points and ideas that you presented in your essay. You should draw conclusions from what you have discussed and include a restatement of your thesis statement . Remember to link all the points in your paragraph to the idea in the topic sentence. One way to check if you have done this is to write keywords in the margin for each sentence. If your keywords are related to the topic sentence, your paragraph is good. If there are ideas that are not related, you should remove them. The conclusion should not just repeat the ideas from the introduction. There should be no new material included in the conclusion; new material needs to be placed in your body paragraphs. You should not repeat the assessment requirements or the marking criteria in your conclusion. An essay explores a topic and reaches a conclusion. It needs to contain a central argument which is your answer to the question or topic. The argument must be based on reliable evidence and be supported throughout your essay. Make an order, and a writer will meet all the provided instructions. Topic, length, number of references, spacing, formatting, and academic level. All these aspects let us fully customize the document making it one-of-a-kind and truly authentic. A writer will work to meet all the specifications A to Z. Keep in mind that there’s a 100% plagiarism-free guarantee covering all customers at our website. That is something your lecturers do not want to see. You are the principal storyteller, the internal voice of the writer, leading the reader through to your conclusion. Try and achieve a balance between both types of in text-references in your essay writing. Normally, when writing an essay at university you will be expected to use only academic sources. Given the amount of research paper requests we get, we have amped up our team with research paper writing experts who write custom, well-written research papers. Research papers are one of my most common writing assignments students encounter and a crucial one at that. The use of Wikipedia for research is a controversial topic among academics, with many advising their students to stay away from the site altogether. The goal of writing any essay is to show that you can think critically about the material at hand . This means going beyond regurgitating what you’ve read; if you’re just repeating other people’s arguments, you’re never going to trouble the upper end of the marking scale. Academic essays explore complex ideas and information, but this doesn’t mean your writing has to be complex, too. Opt for simple, straightforward language whenever possible. Thank you so much for taking the headache out of the process. It is easy and safe to hire the best academic writer. The introduction includes the background to the essay, the important issues and a thesis statement. The introduction leads your reader into the essay. The conclusion reminds your reader of the main points made in your essay and leaves your reader with a final impression and ideas to think about later. You need to go beyond just describing and summarising, you must critically analyse the topic. All you have to do is say, “write my essay research paper for me” or “I want to hire a smart person to write my essay”, and your wish will be our command. The following learning guide on source credibility will help you to determine whether an external source is academic or not. When you are writing an essay you will need to include references to external academic sources.

No 1 Essay Writing Service

No 1 Essay Writing Service It can go up to max 2 pages if we work double-spaced. Short essays should consist of a maximum of 400 words. Keep in mind your quotes too, you should have one quote per paragraph or two . It really is up to the person though, I have a buddy who writes considerably less than I do, but is able to get his point across. What you’re taught is often a general rule to shoot for, not a rule set in concrete. So, you need to understand the topic really well. The topics of your short essays should be very catchy. It helps in catching the attention of the reader. If you have an issue deciding the topic of your essay, then just prepare an outline of all the topics which you have, and it will help you to find out the best topic. If you already have a topic, then you need to prepare an outline for its content. Your teacher felt that 7 paragraphs was a good number for the essays you wrote for her, but it doesn’t always have to be that way. My teachers always taught by eight paragraph essays, but five-paragraph essays normally lie precedent to the more advanced or larger essays. On average for a five-paragraph essay, I write around 1, words. For an eight paragraph essay, I write around 2,000-2,600 words on the document. Ultimately, your essay will be evaluated on the information you present, not on the number of paragraphs in the essay. Early in your academic life, teachers and lecturers may give you both a structure for your essay and a guideline on how long each part of the essay should be. This is a rule of thumb, which means it won’t always work quite that way, but it’s handy all the same. In academic work, your paragraphs are likely to be a bit longer than most of the ones you see in this blog post. On average, there are usually 100 to 200 words in a paragraph. So if you’d like a guesstimate, you can assume that a 1,000-word essay will have between five and ten paragraphs. In its simplest form, an essay can consist of three paragraphs with one paragraph being devoted to each section. Proponents of the five paragraph essay say that the body text should consist of three paragraphs, but in reality, it’s fine to write more or fewer paragraphs in this section. Let’s now discuss the Guidelines on Writing Short Essays. A short essay should be a minimum of half-page & maximum of 1 page if we work single-spaced. You can go up to 500 but, if only it’s the need for the topic. A short length essay means essay which is written in short. The guidelines for writing short length essays are almost similar to that of writing a normal long essay. There is no firm rule that says an essay needs to have a set number of paragraphs, but an essay must be a minimum of three paragraphs. We strongly recommend you revise an essay that is shorter than 250 words unless such a length is required by your professor. To lengthen your assignment, reread the writing and each body paragraph of it. May be, there are some unanswered questions, discussing which will add some words to your text. Sometimes, it is hard to come up with five paragraphs of classical structure within such a short format.

Introduction

Introduction We hand-pick the world’s best writers so that your essay is worthy of a top-performing student. Each paragraph in the body section should have a topic sentence and, perhaps, a transition sentence. The topic sentence is the particular point you are trying to make in the paragraph. Good essays are presented in a clear and logical format. Unlike reports, essays do not include headings so the links between paragraphs should be clear for the reader. Once you are familiar with these sections, brainstorm and map out key points that you will cover in each section. Once you have a fair idea about your essay topic, start writing up your essay. It should usually be the first sentence of the paragraph, though in some cases it is appropriate to be the second sentence. A transition sentence is a sentence that helps link the points of each paragraph together by making a smooth transition from the previous paragraph. It can be done in the first sentence of the new paragraph or the last sentence of the previous one. A good way to tie all the points together throughout the body section is to have them all clearly state how they support the thesis statement. That way it is obvious that all of your paragraphs tie together. Note that the first sentence of the paragraph may satisfy both goals. With the payment completed, we are now ready to take care of your order. Our dedicated Customer service representatives will look for a writer who is experienced in the required field of expertise. The shorter the deadline, the faster we work to match you with the expert perfect for the job. We believe that ordering a paper should be easy and intuitive. We also ensure that the Customer Service representatives are always ready to assist you with any requests and encourage direct communication between writers and customers online. That is, you have something you want to communicate or argue for and here is your chance to explain it in detail, support it, and defend it. Make sure your thesis statement is clear, specific, declarative, and on-topic. So, what do you need to know about the ordering process? Just follow the 3 simple steps to have your paper complete. We ensure any type of paper will be written, proofread, as well as edited according to your requirements and delivered before the deadline you set. If you have completed the paper or have just started working on it, our expert writers can edit or complete the paper based on your draft. Your initial writing attempts won’t be your final draft so don’t get too caught up in producing a final piece of work at this point. You will be asked to write an essay based on content you have learnt in class. Once you know exactly what the question is asking of you, do a quick brainstorm to map what you already know about the topic and what you need to find out. Your writer will investigate the topic to make sure not a single aspect of it is left out. The Introduction sets the scene for the essay and gives the reader a clear idea of what they can expect. A good introduction briefly introduces the topic and gives signposts to the main points that the essay will address. That is, you may have a topic sentence that also serves to transition well. Another option is to have a transition sentence first and then a separate topic sentence following it. You should be able to provide the thesis statement in one or two sentences for a fairly short paper (about 1-8 pages). It is usually best stated at the end of your introduction section . The introductory paragraph should briefly orient the reader to the topic and provide a conceptual map of the rest of the paper. Although writing an essay is daunting for many people, it can be pretty straight-forward.

How To Write An Essay

How To Write An Essay I use it to discover what makes a great essay great. Then, I use Model Essay Proximity Scoring to determine how closely your essay resembles the ideal essay response for each test prompt. The process work we’re advocating here is multistaged, iterative, messy work. The student may move from the text to questions to freewriting or brainstorming to drafting, then go back to the text and so on, deepening her analysis by asking questions. She may use a range of visually rich, active-learning methods to generate ideas, get her thoughts in order and fill gaps. For beginners and intermediate learners, however, your needs are different. You will need a grammar checker that checks for common developmental errors and transfer errors from your first language. Submitting texts containing avoidable errors to a teacher indicates a lack of learning or care, and should be scored lower than texts without avoidable errors. Obviously, you should check the sentence for common errors. We ask students to begin by exploring something specific in the text, rather than a big idea or generalization. That means she must begin by admitting, “I don’t understand” -- a daunting and difficult prospect. A little while back, we wrote an essay arguing against killing off the undergraduate essay. The piece generated a lot of reaction, much of it focused on the question of what an essay should be. Click Check, and the paraphrase checker will compare your text to the original text. It will underline words and phrases that are common to both texts. In addition, it will calculate the similarity of the two texts with a score. For optimal results, check one sentence at a time, and aim for a paraphrase score below 50%. See the paraphrase checker page for more information and a sample text to try. We offer a grammar checking API service with a free one month trial for developers. With the Virtual Writing Tutor's API, you can add spelling and grammar checking capabilities to any website. This will be of special interest to developers of websites with proofreading services or English language learning websites and mobile apps. For details on the grammar checking API, see our Grammar Check API documentation page. A trained IELTS examiner might score your essay a little higher or lower, but I am confident that the Virtual Writing Tutor’s IELTS practice tests will help you improve. The system provides valuable tips and corrections on a range of essay features to help you improve your essay so you can get better and better. After many years of research, I have developed a special method of quality detection that I call Latent Essay Feature Analysis . Finally, you have to provide the reader with a concise conclusion. While the conclusion may be the smallest piece of the essay, it is often the most important. Make sure you clearly state the conclusion and that it logically follows from the information you have provided. Regardless of whether you agree or disagree with the proposed issues and solutions, you need to logically support your point of view. Therefore, try to explain your position by offering logical and consistent arguments. You will also have difficulty constructing and conjugating verbs. Your writing will include numerous tense shifts, word order problems, and number agreement errors. Add to these, bad translations suggested by Google translate, spelling errors, and the general chaos that comes with the cognitive overload of having to compose in a second language. The Virtual Writing Tutor can help you improve your paraphrasing skills quickly. Draft your paraphrase, click on the Paraphrase Checker button, and copy-paste the source text into the text box. Don’t contradict yourself, even if you look at the problem from different angles. Now that you understand the basic types of essay formats, here are some tips that will help you create the perfect essay. Conclusion, in which you sum up your views on the topic. As she figuring out the story she’s trying to tell, her early drafts will most likely be incomplete, overwritten or hard for the reader to follow. And that means she’ll have to revise and rethink and ask more questions. She’ll come to her overall claim, introduction and conclusion from her discoveries -- not the other way around.

5 Practical Tips To Write Better Essays

5 Practical Tips To Write Better Essays Each paragraph should comprise a main theme which are illustrated and developed through a number of points . Now let us look at what constitutes a good essay in psychology. After writing your plan conduct supplementary reading and refine your plan and make it more detailed. Expand on each bullet point to build paragraphs based on evidence, which will also require with citations. It is important to begin writing as soon as soon as possible â€" think of writing as a process rather than a goal. Identify the subject of the essay and define the key terms. Evidence suggests psychoanalytic therapy works best if the client is motivated and has a positive attitude. It is very important to elaborate on your evaluation. Reading your essay allows your lecturer to assess the degree to which you have engaged with learning and transformed information into knowledge. It encourages you to develop a formal, disciplined approach to writing that communicates clearly and with authority. It allows you to practise and develop transferable skills that are valuable to you not only while you’re a student but also when you graduate and have to write in a professional role. I have presented video lessons for various organizations and groups and taught individual lessons to students from around the world - often setting up programs specific to their needs. Although this course is not directly related to specific tests or exams, it will prepare learners for any test that requires clear and concise writing. Taking this course will improve your scores on the IELTS, TOEFL, and other English tests - particularly the writing sections. Plans should have the flexibility to change as your work develops, but remember to ensure that any adjustments are consistent across the essay. Once you've done your research, create another mind map. Don't just write a shopping list of brief evaluation points. Instead make sure you expand on your points, remember, quality of evaluation is most important than quantity. As a general rule make sure there is at least one citation (i.e. name of psychologist and date of publication) in each paragraph. Critical Evaluation - arguments should be supported by appropriate evidence and/or theory from the literature. Evidence of independent thinking, insight and evaluation of the evidence. Carefully note the key theories, information and quotes that will help you to answer all components of the question. Consider grouping these into three or four main themes, including only the most significant points. You must be ruthless and exclude ideas that don't fit in seamlessly with your essay's focus. 'You may have to approach the lecturer who devised the essay to understand what precisely is being asked and the complexity of the response expected from you,' advises Michael. Proofread your essay and make sure it follows any formatting requirements required by the unit. Read the paper aloud to find errors in sentence structure and word choice and refine it so there is a more natural flow. You may return to discuss the background/context of the topic, if relevant. Tell your reader how your essay has successfully responded to the essay question. Conclusions are primarily for summing up what you have presented in the body of your essay. Ron takes a very relaxed approach, providing students with all the tools they need to excel. The assignments allow the students to take a proactive approach to applying the knowledge they have gained. Students wishing to improve their writing skills will definitely benefit from this course. Linking words clarify for the reader how one point relates to another. An essay flows cohesively when ideas and information relate to each other smoothly and logically.

Why Is Editing Important In Essay Writing

Why Is Editing Important In Essay Writing Sometimes, it is hard to come up with five paragraphs of classical structure within such a short format. The absolute minimum size for a five-paragraph essay is 250 words or one double-spaced page, typed in standard 12 points font. What about the format, citations, structure, and language of your 5-paragraph paper? Here, you should consider each of those elements in the context of the type, purpose, and subject matter of the essay assigned. For instance, the main idea is to convince the reader. Then, you are to apply different means of reasonable and persuasive communication. Proponents of the five paragraph essay say that the body text should consist of three paragraphs, but in reality, it’s fine to write more or fewer paragraphs in this section. There is no firm rule that says an essay needs to have a set number of paragraphs, but an essay must be a minimum of three paragraphs. We strongly recommend you revise an essay that is shorter than 250 words unless such a length is required by your professor. To lengthen your assignment, reread the writing and each body paragraph of it. May be, there are some unanswered questions, discussing which will add some words to your text. Early in your academic life, teachers and lecturers may give you both a structure for your essay and a guideline on how long each part of the essay should be. Another, less limiting and more accurate way to work out how many paragraphs you need to cover your topic is to look at the main points you have to cover in the body text. A paragraph contains all the ideas that support or explain a single concept. This is a rule of thumb, which means it won’t always work quite that way, but it’s handy all the same. In academic work, your paragraphs are likely to be a bit longer than most of the ones you see in this blog post. On average, there are usually 100 to 200 words in a paragraph. So if you’d like a guesstimate, you can assume that a 1,000-word essay will have between five and ten paragraphs. In its simplest form, an essay can consist of three paragraphs with one paragraph being devoted to each section. Or, if there is an argument in focus, you have to look for a reliable piece of evidence for supporting your central message. Use our free and easy online tool for counting characters, words, sentences, paragraphs and pages in real time, along with keyword density and reading level. But, is there an answer to that question of how many words you should write? We know that any essay is better to be not too long and not too short, but here, we will try to find a precise solution. Many things matter when you work on an academic essay. Hence, it is useful for one to take them into consideration while working on a 5-paragraph assignment. Your teacher felt that 7 paragraphs was a good number for the essays you wrote for her, but it doesn’t always have to be that way. My teachers always taught by eight paragraph essays, but five-paragraph essays normally lie precedent to the more advanced or larger essays. Ultimately, your essay will be evaluated on the information you present, not on the number of paragraphs in the essay. The answer is around 4 pages single spaced, and 8 pages double spaced. Examples of 2000 word count pages might be longer for blog posts, college essays or term papers, and operating manuals. Prompt’s Essay Specialists reviewed 13,000 admissions essays in 2018, helping thousands of students submit their applications with confidence. The strongest way to end a short essay is to include a brief summary of your main argument and a statement that includes the implications of your thesis on your future. This will depict you as a goal-oriented and forward-thinking person without veering you too far from the main idea of your essay.

Why Is Editing Important In Essay Writing

Why Is Editing Important In Essay Writing Sometimes, it is hard to come up with five paragraphs of classical structure within such a short format. The absolute minimum size for a five-paragraph essay is 250 words or one double-spaced page, typed in standard 12 points font. What about the format, citations, structure, and language of your 5-paragraph paper? Here, you should consider each of those elements in the context of the type, purpose, and subject matter of the essay assigned. For instance, the main idea is to convince the reader. Then, you are to apply different means of reasonable and persuasive communication. Proponents of the five paragraph essay say that the body text should consist of three paragraphs, but in reality, it’s fine to write more or fewer paragraphs in this section. There is no firm rule that says an essay needs to have a set number of paragraphs, but an essay must be a minimum of three paragraphs. We strongly recommend you revise an essay that is shorter than 250 words unless such a length is required by your professor. To lengthen your assignment, reread the writing and each body paragraph of it. May be, there are some unanswered questions, discussing which will add some words to your text. Early in your academic life, teachers and lecturers may give you both a structure for your essay and a guideline on how long each part of the essay should be. Another, less limiting and more accurate way to work out how many paragraphs you need to cover your topic is to look at the main points you have to cover in the body text. A paragraph contains all the ideas that support or explain a single concept. This is a rule of thumb, which means it won’t always work quite that way, but it’s handy all the same. In academic work, your paragraphs are likely to be a bit longer than most of the ones you see in this blog post. On average, there are usually 100 to 200 words in a paragraph. So if you’d like a guesstimate, you can assume that a 1,000-word essay will have between five and ten paragraphs. In its simplest form, an essay can consist of three paragraphs with one paragraph being devoted to each section. Or, if there is an argument in focus, you have to look for a reliable piece of evidence for supporting your central message. Use our free and easy online tool for counting characters, words, sentences, paragraphs and pages in real time, along with keyword density and reading level. But, is there an answer to that question of how many words you should write? We know that any essay is better to be not too long and not too short, but here, we will try to find a precise solution. Many things matter when you work on an academic essay. Hence, it is useful for one to take them into consideration while working on a 5-paragraph assignment. Your teacher felt that 7 paragraphs was a good number for the essays you wrote for her, but it doesn’t always have to be that way. My teachers always taught by eight paragraph essays, but five-paragraph essays normally lie precedent to the more advanced or larger essays. Ultimately, your essay will be evaluated on the information you present, not on the number of paragraphs in the essay. The answer is around 4 pages single spaced, and 8 pages double spaced. Examples of 2000 word count pages might be longer for blog posts, college essays or term papers, and operating manuals. Prompt’s Essay Specialists reviewed 13,000 admissions essays in 2018, helping thousands of students submit their applications with confidence. The strongest way to end a short essay is to include a brief summary of your main argument and a statement that includes the implications of your thesis on your future. This will depict you as a goal-oriented and forward-thinking person without veering you too far from the main idea of your essay.

How To Cite An Essay Online In Mla

How To Cite An Essay Online In Mla I had to ask for a couple of revisions but everything worked out in the end. I randomly chose this company and have no regrets. I had to cancel my order because of my teacher's new instructions. Luckily, I could do it with getting a full refund. Once you have a final draft ready, have someone read it to look for errors and provide feedback. Many instructors encourage students to turn in early drafts to them for comments. Just be sure to check and see if your instructor allows you to do so. Once you’ve written an essay, you will need to edit it. In the next post, we’ll have a look at how to proof and edit your work in detail. I’m looking forward to collaborating more with your company. Writing in Philosophy â€" my guide to writing in the particular discipline of philosophy. Video on the Sense of Style â€" a video on writing in the 21st century by Steven Pinker. Avoid those run-on sentences you know the ones they stop and then start again they should be separated with semicolons. For example, write ‘three,’ not ‘3.’ Exceptions can be made for larger numbers, like 1089, especially when you are simply making reference to a numeral. Don’t let critics overshadow your perspective â€" Don’t begin a paragraph with somebody else’s perspective. Begin with your interpretation of the text and then compare theirs with your own. for example, in a Module A essay when discussing evidence, explain how it conveys context or demonstrates the importance of storytelling. Make sure your example is relevant to the question and thesis. This is a detailed paragraph, so how has the student gone from their notes to a complex response? Know your textâ€" The easiest way to fail an essay is to not know your text well. Make sure that you have studied it in depth and revised all of the themes that you can discern. You already have your thesisâ€" You just need to polish the wording of it. Don’t worry, it may sound like a lot, but it isn’t really. Notice the three dots in the quote (…), which is called an elipses. You’re supposed to put those in when you are not quoting the whole sentence. It denotes that something came before the part of the sentence you are quoting. Even a master class from Dan Brown would not help me to write this good. The compare and contrast essay you wrote for me got 85%. If you’re unsure, read Textual Analysis â€" How to Analyse Your English Texts for Evidence. Topic Sentences and Linking Statements guide your marker through your essay. The thesis (1.) and thematic framework (2.) need only be reworded from the introduction, but your concluding statement (3.) needs to do something new. The final statement needs to explain the connection of your argument to the module and what YOU have taken away from the study of the module. I hope my new order is going to work alright this time. I did not find large mistakes so I guess the quality is fine, but I still cannot be totally sure about it. I dreaded starting this essay since my teacher has assigned it to me. Let’s have a look at some of the practical steps that Year 11 Matrix English students learn in class. Explain the relevance of the critic â€" Don’t just quote critics, explain in detail why you disagree or agree with them. Whenever possible, use an example to support your position. This will ensure that the essay remains about your insights and perspective on the text and module.

Essay Writing Technique

Essay Writing Technique You can create them first to help you stay on track when writing your essay. When you are first assigned the topic, go ahead and really explore the possible options for your thesis. The more questions you ask before you start writing, the more information you will have to use in the essay. You also shouldn’t express your personal opinion anywhere except for the conclusion. Planning your essay makes the writing process quicker and easier. You'll be able to focus on expressing your ideas while remaining within the word count, rather than having to organise your thoughts as you write, which often leads to waffling. Writing Essays takes you through the whole essay writing process â€" from preparing and planning to completion. Writing essays is structured progressively and I recommend that you use it in this way. 'Many successful essay writers plan consciously and deliberately, and commit to extensive notes, lists or mind maps,' he says. 'Some - those who work less consciously - may have a very sketchy plan. It is your plan that determines what approach you take to answering the question. If you have written your plan properly, you will know exactly what your answer is going to be â€" this is not something that should be decided while you are writing your essay. More importantly, your plan will ensure that you actually answer the question. Everything you write must be related to the question, and without a plan it is all too easy to lose focus and write irrelevant nonsense. This will be immediately obvious to anyone reading the essay and gain you a few marks. 'You may find it helpful to write the conclusion first, especially if you know exactly what it is you want to argue,' he adds. 'This can help you to clarify your ideas and also give you something to work towards. First and foremost, you must fully understand what you're being asked and in how much depth you're required to answer the question. Michael says that one of the biggest problems students face when it comes to essays is squarely addressing the topic. Read the question several times to make sure you understand what it is asking. This course is suitable for upper-grade school to adult students who are learning about essay writing or who wish to refresh their writing skills. The short, clearly explained lessons are suitable for those learning English as well - provided they have at least an intermediate English level to understand the lectures. Academically, the information provided will help students from upper grade school to adult writers. Michael recommends that you begin writing your essay by expanding your plan. The customers, who wish to change the structure of the text, are entitled to get a free revision. This is a bulletproof way to make the clients come back for more. If you have never dealt with discursive writing before, you may have no idea what it actually is and how to write a discursive essay at all. The conclusion reaffirms the thesis statement and summarises the key points of the arguments that have presented in the body paragraphs. The conclusion does not introduce any new information. The conclusion finishes by putting the topic in context and suggesting recommendations for further research or a concluding statement. This is without doubt the most vital part of writing an essay. The discursive essay introduction is the part of your essay that sets the tone and prepares the readers for the content of your paper. Your introduction should not be too detailed, but it should provide just enough information to get the audience acquainted with the topic. cheap essay writing service that knows how to make every essay shine. Here is our complete guide on discursive essay writing. When you are hearing about an upcoming discursive essay assignment for the first time, your first reaction is probably confusion. However, you will see from the sidebar that the guide is divided into a number of main sections. Click on any one of these and you will see that it’s divided into shorter sections or subsections. So you can either read it straight through from start to finish or you can go straight to the area that’s most relevant to you. Although we strive to write essay tasks on time, you may require a review of the paper as we download the document. Tim Squirrell is a PhD student at the University of Edinburgh, and is teaching for the first time this year. s the government begins its crackdown on essay mill websites, it’s easy to see just how much pressure students are under to get top grades for their coursework these days. But writing a high-scoring paper doesn’t need to be complicated. We spoke to experts to get some simple techniques that will raise your writing game. A topic sentence is the first sentence in a paragraph, and it summarizes the rest of the paragraph.

General Essay Writing Tips

General Essay Writing Tips Feel free to contact them at any stage of the order. You can reach out before ordering the paper, too. It’s very important for you to get the content on time. We recommend you to set a shorter deadline than the one you actually have, so you’ll leave space for revisions in case you need them. You’re safe to place an order, knowing that we never share details with third parties. At school, on the other hand, they are able to socialise and meet people of different ages and so become increasingly independent. Children also need their peers to do subjects like sports and drama. Another important point is that schools have more resources and equipment than can be provided at home such as libraries, sports equipment and laboratories for science experiments. A final argument is that school can offer a much wider range of subjects and expertise than parents can provide on their own. I know there is an important midterm essay coming so wait for my order, it will come soon. The only thing that bothers me is the pricing policy. I can't say that this is a masterpiece but the essay look nice. You get to choose when your essay is delivered to your email address. This reliable company offers students from around the globe fast assistance and receives inquiries from the US, UK, Canada, Australia, Saudi Arabia, and South Korea. The words you choose are sometimes more important than the style and form of your writing. This is one of those times when it is better to pay than to try doing everything by yourself. I'm more than satisfied with the results of this experience. It was new for me, I was afraid that nothing was going to be the way I wanted. But all of my concerns were pointless, I'm happy. Parents would need to have a whole range of professional knowledge in science subjects like physics and chemistry to English literature and economics. It is also questionable whether parents could keep a disciplined study atmosphere at home because of the friendly family atmosphere. In sum, home tuition can affect social independence and fail to provide the correct resources and professional teaching. Our customer support department is very effective in replying ASAP. They are kind, reliable, and fast in responding. This assignment is all about making the right choice. You will not succeed in creating a special mood for a reader if you don't know how to paint a picture using the words. It is more about words that wake up the imagination of a reader. Challenge our experts with the most complex assignments. We make sure the content we deliver is plagiarism-free. The software we developed checks every paper for your convenience. Leo Tolstoy wrote so many novels and short stories that I did not know which one to choose. I hope my new order is going to work alright this time. I did not find large mistakes so I guess the quality is fine, but I still cannot be totally sure about it. I dreaded starting this essay since my teacher has assigned it to me. Even a master class from Dan Brown would not help me to write this good. Make the time to learn about and experiment with all the life hacks that can make you more productive. You will receive an entirely unique paper that cannot be tracked as plagiarism. We have a versed offer that covers all papers assigned throughout high school, college, and university. There’s practically no assignment we’d struggle with. I had to ask for a couple of revisions but everything worked out in the end. I randomly chose this company and have no regrets. I had to cancel my order because of my teacher's new instructions. Luckily, I could do it with getting a full refund.

How Long Is An Essay? Guidelines For Different Types Of Essay

How Long Is An Essay? Guidelines For Different Types Of Essay An edited essay will contain fewer mistakes compared to the badly edited person. Consequently, in case your more affordable package seems like a better bargain, choose one that’s less expensive. There is a section called “Latest Written Papers,” where you can have an idea about the quality and writing style of the company. Heat suffused my body as I realized in horror that the paper towels streamed behind me on my way into work. I spun around, scanning the parking lot for any paper trailsâ€"literallyâ€"but there were none, only other cars driving in to fill the lot as usual. I climbed out of my ride and walked toward my office, casting a loving glance back. The paper towel roll over Brandi’s antenna was now an empty spool. We never did find out what happened to those paper towels. No cellphone videos surfaced, no eyewitness accounts reported to the local news. His staff provided a copy of the essay to The Atlanta Journal-Constitution on the morning of July 30, four hours before his 11 a.m. If you disable this cookie, we will not be able to save your preferences. This means that every time you visit this website you will need to enable or disable cookies again. Strictly Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all times so that we can save your preferences for cookie settings. By checking your work before it’s typed out, you can help save yourself out of submitting a poor essay for publication. It may take several drafts before getting any new information in your writing. After you’ve submitted your article, do not just sit back and expect the remainder of the class to pick up where you left off. For those who have questions, don’t hesitate to ask. Many businesses have customer service lines that are prepared to respond to your queries and guide one into the most useful solutions. I must’ve forgotten to take it off before I left the house. it might have been my imagination, but Mother Nature seemed to celebrate with me. I arrived at my workplace in record time, well before I was able to finish my radio duet with Katy Perry. By then the garage floor was almost done, and I looked forward to not having to do the twice-a-day calisthenics of getting that heavy cover on and off. ” I thought as I wrestled the thing off and left it in a vanquished heap inside the front door. In the end, as soon as you’ve got your essay accepted for publication, you will want to provide your readers with as much info as possible. This is because you wish to give them the essential information so they can make an educated choice on your own essay. If you end up creating a number of typos, spelling or grammatical mistakes, do not be afraid to take a while to check these places again. Around the country and the world you set aside race, class, age, language and nationality to demand respect for human dignity. Congressman John Lewis, who died on July 17, wrote this essay shortly before his death. He wanted it to be published on the day of his funeral. The prices are affordable, and you can even bid for most of the papers where the price is lower than the average market rate. However, you can drop your resume along with a couple of samples in their email address. That night after work I stood in the driveway with Brandi and considered the problem. I ran inside, grabbed a roll of paper towels, and slipped it over the rod like a sheath. Now the cover rested on top of the roll, not the antenna’s delicate rubber tip. But at the same time, keep applying for other websites and companies too. The website does not explicitly mention the procedure of appointing writers anywhere. Therefore, we can assume that the selection is mostly made in an offline mode.

Cheap Essay Writing Service That Lets You Save 30%

Cheap Essay Writing Service That Lets You Save 30% Don’t start with a dictionary definition â€" this is clichéd and boring. It should sum up the main arguments in the middle and finish with a conclusions that finally answers the essay question. So don’t be afraid of writing down your ideas before they are fully formed, or in the ‘right’ order. Good, constructively critical feedback can give you excellent guidance on how to improve your essay writing. It is worth attending to all of the suggestions and comments you receive, and trying to act on them. Crafting a report is an easy deal whenever you decide to cooperate with us. We will produce a document that will blow the teacher away. If it’s a ‘define and explain’ kind of question, you’ll need to show that you have a deep understanding of the topic. If it has two parts, divide your essay into two parts to answer the question. Read widely around the topic before you even start and you’re halfway there. Essays need to have a beginning, a middle and an end. The introduction should outline the problem, explain why it’s important, and briefly outline the main arguments. A guide to essay writing, including a number of helpful videos, is available in the CASE Toolkit for HE. A final paragraph for a 1,000-word essay would be words in length. Make sure you have researched all the content, information accuracy checked. Try writing an essay in a way that the user finds it interesting and develops enthusiasm in it and finishes it completely. The introduction should identify the topic; give essential background information and/or definitions of key words where necessary; and indicate the direction and angle of your argument. You will find a number of great books on essay writing in the Laidlaw Library, Level 1, under Skills E-5. However, even an experienced writer needs to be deliberate and thorough in order to write a well-constructed essay. An essay assesses the strength of your critical thinking and your ability to put that thinking into a persuasive written form. The QUT cite|write booklet contains information on critical thinking. A tutor can learn a worrying amount about the quality of your essay simply from how it looks on the page. You may feel that, for your particular essay, structures like these feel too rigid. You may wish to create a more flexible or fluid structure. As with teaching, it is often not until you try to communicate an argument and its evidence that you find where the gaps are in your knowledge or argument. Essays are used as assessment at University to demonstrate your knowledge and understanding of a topic. They are also useful tools to promote thinking and learning. You are required to develop an argument and apply critical thinking skills to analyse a range of academic sources in support of your argument. And the farther along in school you get, the more complex and demanding the essays will become. It's important that you learn early on how to write effective essays that communicate clearly and accomplish specific objectives. A university essay can be thought of as an extended answer to a question. Most importantly, it presents your position on a topic, which is often referred to as your argument. Most students make the mistake of writing too much knowledge and not enough evaluation . If it’s a ‘compare and contrast’ kind of question, you’ll need to demonstrate both sides of the argument. No more cramming as the paper is delivered right on time. Having the ability to write effective essays will become increasingly important as you progress through high school and into college. If you'll internalize the format presented above, you'll develop the ability to write clear and compelling essays. Take a page of paper and write your topic at the top. As you progress through school, you'll be required to write essays. Following body paragraphs These follow the same structure for as many arguments as you wish to put forward in support of the topic. Examples of this type of essay include questions which ask you to take a position on a topic, such as a particular decision or policy, and present arguments which support your position. An effective way to argue a point can be to present the opposing view first then counter this view with stronger evidence.

Admission to GW

Admission to GW August 30 What would you discuss with George Washington over dinner? George Washington University wants to know! After around 3,000 fewer students applied to George Washington University than in the previous year (around a 13% drop), GW is changing up its admissions policies. After all, the university was not too happy with their 43% admission rate, but when fewer students apply, the admission rate is bound to go up. Funny how that works! Anyhow, wondering what the changes are? Youre in luck because weve got them for you! For starters, applicants to GW will be allowed to apply to more than one school within George Washington University. Additionally, applicants will have the option of answering essay questions from a bigger batch of prompts. According to an article on admission to GWÂ  in The GW Hatchet, Applicants will now have three options for the GW essay portion of the Common Application: They can choose to write about how they will make history, which questions they’d ask at a dinner with George Washington and how GW fits their interests, talents and goals. We hope that these changes will give us a more well-rounded picture of the students applying to GW, as well provide applicants with more choices, [Director of Admissions Karen] Felton said. Curious to know what some of these essay prompts are? Heres one to get a little taste: Youre with George Washington at a dinner party what do you ask him? Thats a very cool question! We like it. How would you respond to such a prompt? Let us know what youre thinking and well let you know if youre taking the essay in a good direction or a bad one. And, most of the time, applicants choose the latter. No question about it. And while youre here, read about Admission to George Washington University.

The Morality Police As A Part Of Religion - 908 Words

Brasch, Walter. The Morality Police. Moderate Voice, 24 Mar. 2015, p. 10. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=pwhAN=101765229site=pov-live. This mentions how Islamic religious police, also known as â€Å"Morality Police† they enforce women to wear headscarves and black dresses in public. This helps with the viewpoint of how religion does impact and is a part of religion. But also viewing different religions and how their morals are tied to their religions so tightly. BRENDA, POWER. For All That Law, Science, Religion or Morality May Say, Charlie Gard s Case Poses One Key Question: What Would YOU Do?. Daily Mail, 11 July 2017, p. 10. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=n5hAN=124001281. This†¦show more content†¦2017. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=n5hAN=6FPTS2017042442192737. This explained where the morals come from in Christianity, such as the Ten Commandments. And then goes through all religions, this is helpful because it would better the other side of the argument, of showing that religion has place in morality. Levin, Martin. Who needs religion? Morality is scientific. Globe Mail [Toronto, Canada], 9 Oct. 2010, p. R27. Opposing Viewpoints in Context, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A239016809/OVIC?u=scschoolsxid=268f11e7. Accessed 7 Nov. 2017. Showing more scientific reasons that morality is scientific, and you do not need religion to be moral. This helps to back up that you do not need religion to have morals, and ethics, that they are taught from knowing what is right from wrong. Manipulating morality. The Humanist, Sept.-Oct. 2017, p. 8. Opposing Viewpoints in Context, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A503945963/OVIC?u=scschoolsxid=4eebcb03. Accessed 7 Nov. 2017. This article explains, how morality works scientifically works meaning the different neurostimulators that affect your behavior. This was helpful to have scientific evidence within this argument. Miller, Stephen. The Death of Hume. Wilson Quarterly, vol. 19, no. 3, Summer95, p. 30. EBSCOhost, scsl.idm.oclc.org/login?auth=discusurl=http://search.ebscohost.com.scsl.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=truedb=pwhAN=9508034358site=pov-live.Show MoreRelatedPolice Role in Socety1863 Words   |  7 PagesTable of Content 1. Police Role in Society (Chapter 5 Police ) Criminal Justice-COLL | Police in Contemporary Society www.indiana.edu/~deanfac/.../cjus_p301_21339.html‎ Article: www.preservearticles.com/.../notes-on-the-role-of-police-in-society.html‎ Web Sites: Role of Police in Society – Activist Role www.activistrights.org.au †º Legal Context of Activism The Role of Police in a Democratic Society scholarlycommons.law.northwest...‎ 2. Religion (chapter 2 Determining MoralRead MoreMalaysian Fundamental Liberties1392 Words   |  6 Pagesorder’. If a person has not been detained according to law, the courts will order that the person is brought before the court to be released. This is known as habeas corpus. You will find information on your rights when you are arrested by the police in the Police and Your Basic Rights leaflet published by the Bar Council and can be found at www.malaysianbar.org. Article 6 – No slavery or forced labour No one can be made a slave or forced to work. However, Parliament may make laws to require MalaysiansRead MoreEssay Emile Durkheim and the Collective Conscience1109 Words   |  5 Pageslife had such a profound effect on Durkheim. Their understanding was that rules, customs and morality, and not reason and individual interests, were the basis of social life. The influence of August Comte who had defined society as a living organism was also apparent in the work of the German Schaffle, who’s organicist framework implied the unity or solidarity of the collective over the individual part (Thomson, 2002). According to Thomson (2002), Durkheim was able to adopt Schaffle’s views andRead MoreThe Connection Between Law And Morality1718 Words   |  7 PagesII. WHAT IS MORALITY? â€Å"Law would not be really imperative, we know, unless behind the sword of the magistrate, the bulk of mankind felt the weight of social obligation, the irresistible burden of custom, of immemorial tradition, and the like, a social, and even a religious sanctity. The connection of law and morality has been much discussed ever since the revival of the scientific study of jurisprudence, but the question is not yet, and perhaps never will be, settled. Every variety of opinionRead MoreAnalysis of The First Film with Basic Sounds887 Words   |  4 Pages1. Introduction â€Å"Hearing is believing†, as the potential motto of all sound practitioners inteprets, sound has played a great part in our daily life, so as in the world of film. The first film with basic sound showed up in the year of 1900 in Paris. Though the technique is quite juvenile, it is indeed a breakthrough in the film history. The first film with synchronous sound, which is actually the real sound film as we recognized, is ‘The light of New York’ published at 1928 by the Vitaphone CorporationRead MoreUtilitarianism : A Look At J.s1731 Words   |  7 Pagesphilosophical view in which morality means to produce the right kind of consequences. This could lead one to ask what the right kinds of consequences are. Since utilitarianism is based on consequentialism, and consequentialism is based on morality, we would look at morality to define the right kind of consequences. Morality is the principles that concern distinctions between what might be considered right or wron g, and can be subjective based on culture or religion. Morality would define the right kindRead MoreSummary: Social Control Theory1067 Words   |  4 PagesHirshi wrote the classic work on social control theory, Causes of Delinquency in 1969. Numerous studies of juvenile delinquents over the last forty years have confirmed Hirschis views that such youths do feel detached from society and conventional morality, and have a weak attachment to family, friends and school. Poverty, segregation and racism are the main causes of social and community breakdown that have led to high rates of crime, violence and delinquency in the inner cities. Law enforcementRead MoreThe Legality Presides Over Morality1450 Words   |  6 PagesKeefe Carney Dr. Bowen English 110 April 06, 2016 Legality Presides Over Morality Within our society, legality versus morally ethical value seem to differ between individuals. The people of this world have various views on certain topics of morality and ethics. On the other hand, the Law is set and stone, everyone must conform to the same regulations. In a major city setting where drugs, violence, and sexual immorality are an everyday way of life for many Bostonians†¦ Patrick Kenzie, and his wifeRead MoreCapital Punishment and its Controversies 1434 Words   |  6 Pagesliberty, and life. â€Å"With capital punishment people`s rights are denied† (Cochran, 2003, p. 41). The debate on capital punishment continues to raise alarms particularly in issues involving human rights. Some groups are against it questioning its morality and constitutionality, while other groups back it claiming that it prevent crime. It is a controversial issue which, many governments need to review although not everyone would be pleased anyway. To decide whether or not to use death penalty, governmentRead MoreEssay on Justice1493 Words   |  6 PagesEssay on Justice ‘Justice is such an elusive concept that it hardly seems worthwhile for a legal system to strive to achieve it’. Justice is something that we all want from a Law and believe should be an integral part in any legal system. However, the meaning of Justice is very difficult to define. There are many aspects of justice that we may question about; i.e. is a particular law just? Is the legal system just? Much of the issue of justice is very controversial

Photosynthesis Essay Summary Example For Students

Photosynthesis Essay Summary Photosynthesis is a biochemical process in which plant, algae, and some bacteria harness the energy of light to produce food. Nearly all living things depend on energy produced from photosynthesis for their nourishment, making it vital to life on Earth. It is also responsible for producing the oxygen that makes up a large portion of the Earths atmosphere. Factors that affect photosynthesis are light intensity and wave length, carbon dioxide concentration, and temperature. Plants are autotrophs that mean they are able to synthesize food directly from inorganic compounds, instead of relying on other organisms. They use carbon dioxide gas and water to produce sugars and oxygen gas. The energy for these processes comes from photosynthesis. The equation for photosynthesis is: Carbon dioxide+water+light,sugar+oxygen+water. 6CO +12H O+light,C H O+6O +6H O The glucose is used to form other organic compounds, such as cellulose, or it may be used as fuel. This takes place through respiration found in both animals and plants. Respiration is the opposite of photosynthesis. Both respiration and photosynthesis take place through a complex sequence of steps, and are very different in detail. Plants capture light using the pigment chlorophyll, which gives them the green colour. This is contained in organelles called chloroplasts. Although all green plants have chloroplasts, most of the energy is produced in the leaves. The cells in the interior tissues of a leaf, called the mesophyll, contain about half a million chloroplasts for every square millimeter of the leaf. The surface of the leaf is uniformly coated with a water-resistant waxy cuticle that protects the leaf from excessive absorption of light and evaporation of water. The transparent, colourless epidermis layer allows light to pass through to the mesophyll cells where most of the photosynthesis takes place. To metabolic pathways involved in photosynthesis are light reaction and dark reaction. The first stage of the photosynthetic system is the light-dependent reaction, which converts solar energy into chemical energy. Light absorbed by chlorophyll or other photosynthetic pigments is used to drive a transfer of electrons and hydrogen from water to and acceptor called NADP , reducing it to the form of NADPH by adding a pair of electrons and a single proton. The water or some other donor molecule is split in the process. The light reaction also generates ADP, a process called photophosphorylation. ATP is a versatile source of chemical energy used in most biological processes. The light reaction produces no carbohydrates such as sugars. In photosynthesis, the dark reactions are chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose. These reactions unlike light-dependent reactions do not need light to occur. These reactions take the products of the light-dependent reactions and perform further chemical processes on them. The light-dependent reactions are carbon fixation and Calvin cycle.

Rank Correlation and Statistical Report

Abstract This study seeks to establish whether the relationship between the numbers of cigarettes smoked and the level of cotinine in the body is linear. Data of randomly selected subjects from National Health Examination Survey in the United States is the basis of this study. The methodology involves determining the strength of the relationship using Spearman’s rank correlation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Rank Correlation and Statistical specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Data analysis is by use of SPSS, and the interpretation of the output of the analysis is given in the body of the paper under the analysis and result section. The researcher uses Wilcoxon’s Ranks test to verify the nature of the relationship between these variables. The null hypothesis of the study argues that the relationship between the concentration of cotinine in the body, and the number of cigarettes smoked is linear. On t he other hand, the alternative hypothesis argues that the relationship between the number of cigarettes smoked and the level of cotinine in the body is nonlinear. If the test statistic obtained is less than the level of significance (0.05), it means that the null hypothesis is not true and the researcher should reject it for the alternative hypothesis. This quest forms the essence of the study. Introduction Healthcare programs in the USA make provisions for the capitation of programs that facilitate collaborations between health insurers and clinical facilities to perform risk analysis of patients to help healthcare stakeholders determine the cost of care delivery (Ezzati, Lopez, Rodgers, Christopher, 2004). This report seeks to determine whether the rate of smoking correlates with risk of developing cancer by computing the concentration of cotinine in the body (Visweswara, 2007). The study uses values from randomly selected subjects in the National Health Examination Survey (Carve r Nash, 2009: Lehman Romano, 2005). This study seeks to determine whether there is a significant linear correlation between the number of cigarettes smoked and the level of cotinine in a smoker’s body. Data analysis and ResultsAdvertising Looking for essay on math statistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Table 1. Test Statisticsb,c Y – X Z -2.981a Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .003 Monte Carlo Sig. (2-tailed) Sig. .000 95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound .000 Upper Bound .221 Monte Carlo Sig. (1-tailed) Sig. .000 95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound .000 Upper Bound .221 a. Based on negative ranks. b. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test c. Based on 12 sampled tables with starting seed 2000000. The mean number of cigarettes smoked per subject was 14.58, while the mean concentration of nicotine level in the body of a subject was 175.2050ng/ml. Wilcoxon’s ranks test was useful in determini ng the relationship between these two variables (Wickham, 2012). The null hypothesis to be tested argues that the relationship between the level of cotinine in a smoker’s body and the number of cigarettes smoked is linear (Watkins, Scheaffer, Cobb, 2010: DiClemente, Salazar, Crosby, 2013). Conclusion The test statistic obtained is less than the level of significance, which is approximately about 1.96. The results of the analysis reject the null hypothesis, while it verifies the alternative hypothesis (Lehman, 2005). The test statistic value, -2.981, is less than the level of significance. Hence, this result rejects the null hypothesis and supports the position that the numbers of cigarettes smoked do not determine the level of cotinine in the body and, thus, some factors external to this study are involved (Boyle, Gray, Henningfield, Seffrin, Zaton’ski, 2010: Weinberg Abramowitz, 2002: â€Å"Introduction to Hypothesis Testing,† 2006). This condition indicate s an opportunity for a research to investigate on the external factors that lead to an increase in the risk of cancer associated with cigarette smokers. References Boyle, P., Gray, N., Henningfield, J., Seffrin, J., Zatonski, W. A. (2010). Tobacco: Science, Policy and Public Health. Oxford : Oxford University Press. Carver, R. H., Nash, G. J. (2012). Doing Data Analysis with SPSS Version 18.0. Boston : Cengage Learning.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Rank Correlation and Statistical specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More DiClemente, R. J., Salazar, L. F., Crosby, R. A. (2013). Health Behavior Theory for Public Health: Principles, Foundations, and Applications. Burlington, MA: Jones Bartlett Learning. Ezzati, M., Lopez, A. D., Rodgers, A. A., Christopher, F. J. (2004). Comparative Quantification of Health Risks: Global and Regional Burden of Disease. Geneva: World Health Organization. Introduction to Hypothesis T esting. (2006, July 13). Retrieved from sjsu: http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/gerstman/StatPrimer/hyp-test.pdf Lehman, A. (2005). mp For Basic Univariate And Multivariate Statistics: A Step-by-step Guide. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina. Lehman, E. L., Romano, J. P. (2005). Testing Statistcial Hypotheses. Berkeley: Springer. Visweswara, R. K. (2007). Bostatistics: A Manual of Statistical Methods for Use in Health, Nutrition and Anthropology. Delhi: K Visweswara Rao. Watkins, A. E., Scheaffer, R. L., Cobb, G. W. (2010). Statistics: From Data to Decision. John Wiley Sons. Inc: Hoboken.Advertising Looking for essay on math statistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Weinberg, S. L., Abramowitz, S. K. (2008). Statistics Using SPSS: An Integrative Approach. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. Wickham, C. (2012, October 17). Stat 411/511: Wilcoxon Rank Sum. Web. This essay on Rank Correlation and Statistical was written and submitted by user Qu1nt1n to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Hugher Art design studies summary Essays

Hugher Art design studies summary Essays Hugher Art design studies summary Essay Hugher Art design studies summary Essay Design Studies Summary The historical textile I have chosen to write about, Keyboard was designed by Henry Spence Moore , an English designer, and sculptor. He is best known for his semi- abstract, monumental ,bronze sculptures located around the world. Keyboard is furnishing fabric made of printed wool. The ergonomics of this textile are hard to observe without physically touching the fabric but it looks rough. I do not think you would want your sofa to be made of it. The aesthetics of Keyboard are quite dull. No bright colors are used so your eyes are not initially attracted to this textile. But the print is quite abstract so when you look close enough it intrigues you because you want to work out what the pictures on the design are. It is a musical themed textile as you can tell by the name. There are long lines of piano keys dividing the print into separate parts. In one row there are pictures which appear to be a saxophone, a tambourine ,and a person who is possibly a singer or conductor. The other row contains a pair of hands which is the clearest picture on the print, but the other pictures in that row are really hard to work out. Maybe one is a musical triangle, but he other pictures look like leaves. The color choice is very neutral- brown, beige, cream, and light pink- so this textile wouldnt be too harsh for a room even with the odd pictures on it. The function of this textile is to be used on furniture. This is quite a safe material to use for furniture as wool is not as flammable as some natural fibers sucks as cotton. It shouldnt be too expensive as wool is not an expensive material. The target market for this textile would be musical people. The contemporary textile I have chosen to write about, Red or Dead Elvis was designed y is a dress fabric made from screen printed cotton Jersey. From what I can tell the ergonomics seem to be quite good. It is a smooth material as its cotton and thats what would be good for a dress to make it comfortable. The aesthetics of Red or Dead Elvis are interesting and very sass. I can imagine a girl wearing a dress with this print during that time. The design contains pictures of a very familiar face to everyone around the world, Elvis Presley. This will make this design interesting to a lot of people because of the familiar face on it. Etches of bold classic tailoring fabrics such as Handouts, Clenched, Herringbone and Prince of Wales are used in this textile. The monochrome quality of the prints brings out the geometric characteristics of the fabrics, they all have similarities therefore contrast with the pictures of Elvis, making him stand out. The function of this textile is to be used fro a dress. Its a soft material though flammable. It may be an expensive material due to the intrigued designs and the fact Elvis is on it. The t arget market would be a female who likes crazy patterns and Elvis obviously. My favorite textile would have to be Red or Dead Elvis because I like the geometric style of the patterns and I also like Elvis. Keyboard and Red or Dead Elvis hardly have any similarities apart from the musical theme. keyboard is too dull for my liking, and red or dead Elvis is so eye catching with the bold contrasts of black and white, geometric patterns and soft photographs, and the hundreds of square patches. keyboard is unique and semi-abstract, red or dead Elvis has classic whether youre drawn to one or the other. In my case its the familiar textile because IM interested in Elvis.

Literacy Narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Literacy Narrative - Essay Example It was only much later that we got our first rudimentary lessons in English language. It was a bit tedious at first, because our entire class of grade schoolers had to learn all the basics of English grammar. The English teacher we had was quite good although admittedly her own diction and intonations were far from being perfect but it was acceptable anyway to us pupils who did not know any better. I can honestly say that the wonderful world beyond my country started to open up with all those lessons in English literature fit for our kiddies’ class. I still can remember how we laughed and giggled on some of the strange words and sounds we had to master as we went along in our English classes up to graduating from the elementary. I realized the importance of English proficiency when our batch reached high school. This was the time when we had to learn science, mathematics and biology so we need to learn and be proficient at a certain level of the English language to pass our ex aminations. At that time, there was not much pressure to really master the intricacies of English because we had not yet seen the direct relationship of English mastery to our future careers. In this regard, it can be safely said that all my English learning happened while I was still in my country of birth and therefore, English was spoken only occasionally and only when really necessary. If memory serves me right, it was probably in my sophomore or junior year when the importance of learning the English language first came into sharp focus. We were asked to do a literature essay in English this time and I had a hard time finishing my assignment. It must be borne in mind that our writing assignment need to be finished in an hour’s time or less and previously, I had been overly dependent on using an English dictionary to put my thought into paper. My other classmates had already turned in their papers and I was not yet even halfway through. I was already panicked at that poin t and my thoughts were a total jumble; one thing I can say is that I always have a lot of creative ideas on my mind. A chief difficulty was putting these thoughts down to a written paper that is understandable and connects to a reader. My high school teacher was standing nearby, all ready to get my paper once I finished. This was because I was the only one still left inside the classroom since I must admit honestly that I always struggled with my English since coming into contact with this lingua franca. The time was up for me and I had wanted to still write some more since I knew my paper was not yet good enough. It was at that point in my life when I realized and resolved to vastly improve my English language skills so I can get ahead in my career and with my life. At that time, my English language skills in terms of reading and writing were terrible and I really struggled. When I entered college, there were plenty of opportunities to improve my English skill in terms of speaking, reading, writing and most importantly, comprehension. In particular, the facility with English was vastly improved with my constant viewing of television shows that were broadcast in English without any native language sub-titles at the bottom of the screen. I knew right then that my English will improve someday but I decided to read a lot of books, magazines and newspapers printed in English precisely for this purpose. Secondly, I had what can be called a

Role of the a3b4 nicotinic receptor in drug addiction and in the Essay

Role of the a3b4 nicotinic receptor in drug addiction and in the antiaddictive action of novel ibogaine analogs - Essay Example The abnormalities that produce addiction, however, are wide-ranging, complex, and long-lasting. They may involve an interaction of environmental effects, for example, stress, the social context of initial substance use, and psychological conditioning. Many factors, both individual and environmental, influence whether a particular person who experiments with drugs will continue taking them long enough to become dependent or addicted. For individuals who do continue, the drug's ability to provide intense feelings of pleasure is a critical reason (Kalivas and Volkow, 2007). Historical and social factors are keys to the understanding of addictive disorders. These factors affect the rates of addictive disorders in the community, the types of substances abused, the characteristics of abusive users, the course of these disorders, and the efficacy of treatment. Addictive substances aid expression of several human functions that can enhance both individual and social existence. On the individual level, desirable ends include the following: relief of adverse mental and emotional states, relief of physical symptoms, stimulation to function despite fatigue or boredom, and â€Å"time-out† from day-to-day existence through altered states of consciousness. Substance use and dependence cause a significant burden to individuals and societies throughout the world. The World Health Report 2002 indicated that 8.9% of the total burden of disease comes from the use of psychoactive substances (World Health Organization, 2004). The report showed that tobacco accounte d for 4.1%, alcohol 4%, and illicit drugs 0.8% of the burden of disease in 2000. Much of the burden attributable to substance use and dependence is the result of a wide variety of health and social problems, including HIV/AIDS, which is driven in many countries by injecting drug use. Over the past decade, use of addictive substances has infiltrated its way into the mainstream culture in certain countries. Younger people in particular seem to possess a skewed sense of safety about these substances, believing rather erroneously that they are safe and benign. Meanwhile, addictive substances are posing a serious threat to the health, social and economic fabric of families, communities, and countries. For many countries, the economic burden is relatively new, but

Human Growth and Development Essay Example for Free

Human Growth and Development Essay Definition of Plagiarism Plagiarism is an attempt (deliberate or inadvertent) to gain advantage by the representation of another persons work, without acknowledgement of the source, as the students own for the purposes of satisfying formal assessment requirements. Recognised forms of plagiarism include 1. the use in a students own work of more than a single phrase from another persons work without the use of quotation marks and acknowledgement of the source; 2. the summarising of another persons work by simply changing a few works or altering the order of presentation, without acknowledgement; 3. the use of ideas or intellectual data of another person without acknowledgement of the source, or the submission or presentation of work as if it were the students own, which are substantially the ideas or intellectual data of another person; 4. copying the work of another person; 5. the submission of work, as if it were the students own, which has been obtained from the internet or any other form of information technology; 6. the submission of coursework making significant use of unattributed digital images such as graphs, tables, photographs, etc. taken from books/articles, the internet or from the work of another person; 7. the submission of a piece of work which has previously been assessed for a different award or module or at a different institution as if it were new work; 8. a student who allows or is involved in allowing, either knowingly or unknowingly, another student to copy anothers work including physical or digital images would be deemed to be guilty of plagiarism. 9. If plagiarism is suspected students will be required to supply an electronic copy of the work in question so that it may be subjected to electronic plagiarism detection testing. Therefore students are required to keep work electronically until after they receive their results as electronic detection may be part of the investigative process. Source: Assessment Handbook 15f. In submitting this work I confirm I have read and understood the regulations relating to plagiarism and academic misconduct that I signed when I submitted my Assessment Confirmation Form. In submitting this work I confirm I have read and understood the regulations relating to plagiarism and academic misconduct that I signed when I submitted my Assessment Confirmation Form. ASSIGNMENT TITLE Human Growth and Development PortfolioI am observing a 22 month old boy, who for this report I will call Tom. Tom lives with his Mum, Dad and older sister Molly who is 3 years of age and has just started nursery. His Mum stays at home with the children whilst Dad works. Both parents are from Poland thus polish is their first language, however their Mum explained to me that Molly is going to nursery to develop her English. She also said that Tom was only speaking a little; some words English and some Polish. I will be observing Tom in his home. Observing Tom – Week one 12.10.2012 word count: 991 I arrived at the flat and was greeted by Tom’s mother who took my coat and showed me around the flat. Tom’s sister was sat eating at the table in the living room and Tom walked out of his bedroom and looked at me. He stared at me and I said â€Å"hello†, he smiled and ran back in his bedroom. Molly walked down the hall and smiled at me and spoke to Mum in polish and Mum replied, she then galloped past me and sat on the floor with toys. Mum told me that she had told Molly they had a visitor coming but they had to pretend I was invisible; she said she hadn’t told Tom as he wouldn’t understand. Besides the anxiety I was experiencing, I felt quite comfortable in the flat, the smell of washing powder was very familiar and I instantly warmed to the children. It seemed as though they were waiting for me to engage and it felt alien that I couldn’t. Mum encouraged the children to play in their bedroom as they were both stood looking at me. Mum went into the kitchen and I crouched down in the corner of the bedroom. I quickly realised this wasn’t a great idea as they both presented me with toys and giggled looking at each other. Molly passed me a Barbie and held another one and said, â€Å"This is dolly and you have man dolly† she then spoke in character through the Barbie and said, â€Å"Hello!† I found it difficult to divert from playing with her, I said â€Å"hello† and passed it to Tom to encourage them to play together. Molly continued to say, â€Å"This is dolly† trying to pass her to me. She seemed slightly frustrated that I was attempting to divert her attention away from me and I found it unnatural. As kneeling down was attracting their attention I stood in the doorway out the way. Mum came in the bedroom and put a children’s DVD of nursery rhymes. Molly started jumping about; Tom watched Molly and copied her jumping. They both smiled and kept looking at me. I smiled at them but was unsure of my facial expressions because I didn’t want to seem too approachable. I continued to find it uncomfortable how much they seemed to plea for my attention and I couldn’t respond properly. Molly then got out a box of Lego and brought it over to where I was stood, Tom followed and they started building the blocks together. They played nicely, taking it in turns; I enjoyed watching them and felt at ease that the attention was off me. When they made a tower Molly said, â€Å"no finish, no finish† each time they put a piece on and then said, â€Å"Finished!† and they both clapped their hands smiling. They did this several times. I noticed that Tom seemed relaxed and let Molly take the lead when she wanted to. Molly then went to get a picnic set and brought it back. Tom pretended to pour me a drink and passed me a cup; I said â€Å"Thank-you† and pretended to drink. I pointed at Molly to encourage him to pass it to her. Molly laid three plates on the floor and pointed at one and said, â€Å"Play?† I think Mum could see that I needed some help diverting their attention so she encouraged Molly to go back into her bedroom and they put some books away. Tom quickly ran back in his room following them. Mum laid a picnic blanket and laid it down on the floor in the bedroom and asked Molly to bring the picnic set in there. Mum then changed Tom’s nappy. Molly fluctuated from polish to English as she spoke. She then got out a fancy dress and showed me, saying â€Å"Look its Molly’s dress.† Mum helped her put it on. Tom tugged at the box of fancy dress clothes and so Mum also helped him into a skirt. They danced around the room together laughing. Molly kept spinning around and giggling and Tom copied her. I liked the way Mum had no problem with letting Tom wear a skirt and it reminded me of my own childhood when my younger brother would also wear my dresses. ‘Wheels on the bus’ came on and Tom danced in front of the television and they both did the arm motions. Tom wiggled his bum and stood right in front of the television. Mum laughed and sat cross legged next to them. Although the children were quite active, the atmosphere in the house was very calm and quiet, Mum’s presence was very peaceful and she spoke very quietly. Molly climbed on to her bed, Mum went over and tickled her; she giggled loudly. Tom still had his skirt on and continued to dance around the room. He then started to push a pram with a doll in around the room; he continued to watch the television and wiggled his bum watching with his mouth open. He then tipped over the pram and sat on the floor; he held the back wheel and moved it like he was pretending to drive. Molly then ran in to the hall and put on her shoes; Tom followed her and copied her. Molly put a hat on and then put one on Tom’s head. Mum laughed and helped Tom put his shoes on. She then tried to take off Tom’s skirt but he held on to it so she let him keep it on. Tom then pottered back into his bedroom where Molly was dancing, he joined in. Molly spun around with her eyes closed and then giggled looking at me. Tom copied her and stumbled backwards, Molly pulled Tom towards her and cuddled him and kissed his face. I wondered if Molly was ‘acting up’ because she was being watched by me, I questioned whether their behaviour was entirely natural. End of observation. Observing Tom – Week four 02.11.2012 word count: 1,025 When I arrived Tom ran out of his bedroom and into his parents’ room. He climbed up on to the bed and turned around to look at Mum, smiling as if he knew she was going to react. Mum said, â€Å"Hey, Tom† in a cautionary manner yet smiling. She grabbed him playfully and tickled him; he laughed loudly and squealed rolling on his back. He then climbed up on to the window sill. Mum spoke more sternly to Tom (in Polish) I assumed she was asking him to either get down or be careful. Again Tom turned back and looked at Mum gingerly with a cheeky smile. Mum told me she had felt poorly for a couple of weeks; she seemed quite run down and a little stressed. However she was patient with Tom. Mum was sat next to him and had her hand on the window handle so he couldn’t open it. Tom pointed out the window and looked astonished, Mum said, â€Å"Oooh ****† (Polish) Tom repeated the word and Mum nodded and smiled. She explained to me that he had seen a motor bike, she then pointed at various things out the window and said their names and Tom attempted to repeat the words. Tom spoke in a deep voice and stuck his chest out. Mum laughed and told me she was pointing out the vehicles names. I wondered whether Tom was speaking in a deep voice to imitate someone or whether he was trying to be ‘manly’. Tom then reached out to the window handle, Mum said, â€Å"Tom† firmly and took his hands away. He did this several more times, Mum again said his name and on the 4th time Tom imitated Mum and shouted, â€Å"Tom!† Mum started laughing and picked him up and sat him on the bed and tickled him again, he laughed loudly and then climbed down and ran out into the hallway. Molly came out into the hall from her bedroom and smiled at me, she then ran after Tom and they both went into the living room. Mum pulled out their table and chairs and got out some paper for them. Molly said, â€Å"We’re going to paint, you know?† Mum laughed and sat them down with some paint and cups of water. Tom picked up two paint brushes and banged them on his paper and made roaring sounds. He then struggled to pick up paint on his paint brush and frowned as he brushed over the pallets of paint, he tried to paint on the paper but nothing stuck, he stamped his feet a few times. Molly soaked up more water on her paint brush and slowly brushed her paint brush over the pallets, she seemed to know what she was doing, perhaps from painting at Nursery or remembering what Mum or Dad had taught her. Tom seemed a lot more impatient and frustrated and looked at Molly painting, slightly frowning. He then leant over and painted on her paper. She shouted out, â€Å"No Tom!† But he had left no mark, just a watery smear, so she pulled her paper away and continued to paint. Mum turned around and said, â€Å"Hey, hey Tom.† Tom continued to try to paint and let out noises of frustration; Mum came over and tried to help him apply the paint on his brush. Molly said, â€Å"Mimi† and Mum drew a Mickey Mouse face on her piece of paper in pink. Molly held her paper and came over to me saying, â€Å"Look its Mimi, Mickey Mouse, you know?† I laughed and wondered if Molly had heard someone at Nursery saying, â€Å"you know† and was imitating them as she had said it a few times and I hadn’t heard her say it before. Tom leant over and tried to paint on Molly’s Mickey Mouse, Molly squealed out and shouted, â€Å"No, Tom!† Mum seemed to tell them off as she spoke sternly in Polish, however still remained calm. The children seemed more agitated today and I wondered if Mum being ill had slightly impacted their behaviour, although Mum seemed to be struggling she was still calm with the children. I also noticed that Mum and Molly spoke more in Polish than previous weeks, I wondered if this was because they were more comfortable in my presence. Mum drew a Mickey Mouse for Tom so he wouldn’t bother Molly anymore. She drew his Mickey Mouse in blue, perhaps to tell the difference between whose was whose, but I also considered whether it was colour coded for ‘girl’ and ‘boy’. He smiled and shouted, â€Å"Mimi!† Molly and Tom both called out, â€Å"Mimi† they seemed to be in competition with each other of who could shout louder and laughed each time they shouted. Tom then went around the table on the opposite side to Molly and she prodded him playfully in his tummy with the end of her paint brush. Tom giggled so she did it again, she continued to do it and they both giggled more and more each time, becoming very excited. Molly then climbed up onto a seat at the dining room table and asked Mum if she could have her stickers, Tom went over and peered up at the table to see what Molly was doing. Mum helped Tom into his seat and brought over a sheet of stickers, Molly began sticking them onto her paper but Tom struggled to peel his stickers off, he made a fist and banged the paper making grunting noises. Mum went over again and helped him peel them off. Tom struggled again when Mum went back to the computer so he seemed to lose interest and again became more interested in Molly’s paper. Seeing Tom struggling made me feel uncomfortable that I couldn’t assist him. Tom climbed down from the table and ran into his bedroom; he peered up at the shelf of DVD’s. He shouted out, perhaps in Polish, Mum came in the room and pointed at various DVD’s until he said yes. She put on a film called ‘Pipi’ Tom danced around to the introduction music and stood close to the screen wiggling his bottom. End of observation. In this essay I will evaluate my experience as an observer and describe the place of observation in Social work. Finally, I will focus on gender development as my major theme of consideration. Initially, although I was a little apprehensive; I came to find the role of the observer a considerable challenge. Although in some ways I grew more comfortable with certain aspects of the exercise, I found a degree of discomfort in the role I was to undertake. I could relate greatly to the content of Quitak, N (2004) article, as I too struggled to find my feet to gain the right balance in distance and involvement. I experienced feelings of guilt when the children required my attention and learnt that I had to tolerate the anxiety of non-intervention. Trowell and Miles (1991) say in relation to social work, that due to the requirements of the role, they at times have to be assertive (cited in Quitak, 2004). Therefore to be effective, they must come to terms with the discomfort this can imply. M attinson (1975) cited in Quitak, N (2004) discusses this concept in terms of the ‘psychological distance’ often required. Trowell and Miles (1991) cited in Quitak (2004) in terms of remaining ‘actively positive’; retaining a physical distance, whilst allowing one self to become deeply involved. When recording my observation afterwards, I found that the first things I recalled were from the first and last part of the hour, plus what was unusual and stood out to me. Munro (1991) says that this is because we are trying to hold onto awareness of the surroundings and the different ways in which people converse and interact, (cited in Lefevre, 2010). I recognised I was preoccupied with trying to remember everything. On reflection I realised that I should have observed everything and then later try to identify the most salient points. A further distraction was Tom’s sister, Molly, who features heavily in my records, because her behaviour was more emphatic, however, I was unable to moderate her behaviour in order to allow Tom a more significant role. Munro (1991) says that such challenges an d disruptions to memory are one of the reasons assessments are often based on incomplete or inaccurate information. I was also concerned on whether pre-determined bias would creep in, as indeed, people’s values, culture and previous experiences will always influence how they interpret what they see (Cox, 2005, cited in Lefevre, 2010). Furthermore due to Tom not speaking properly yet and the language barrier it was harder for me to recall as I couldn’t prompt my memory with odd sentences. Malekoff (1994) says that thoughts and feelings of children are often emotionally processed and conveyed through more direct means, and body language may provide important clues as to how they feel (cited in Lefevre, M. 2010). This heightened my awareness of non-verbal communication and improved my capacity to analyse non- verbal behaviour. Observing children over time may help to explain what relates more to their general character and what might be a response to caretaking and environmental experiences. What they convey through certain choices provides insight into their social identity and sense of self and cultural norms. Plus their racial identity may also be revealed. A social worker will need to be open to different social and cultural experiences and consider how a child may be affected by different factors such as ethnocentrism. Self-awareness and understanding of the impact of oppression on racial identity will be important (Robinson, 2007, cited in Lefevre, 2010). Recent work on prejudice/identity development focuses on applications of intergroup theory to examine the basis of social categorization and its effects. One development has been to look more generally at children’s knowledge of other countries and nationalities (Cowie et al. 2009). I believe this could be very beneficial for Tom in the future. When watching the children I questioned whether their behaviour was altered by my presence (see week one, lines 58-62 and week four, lines 109-110). The experience of being observed can evoke anxiety and feelings of disempowerment due to possible fear of being judged or misunderstood, which can result in them behaving differently. In relation to assessments, it is important to consider how workers might affect the observed situation (Tanner and Turney, 2000 cited in Lefevre, 2004). I understand that the move from observation to interpretation is complex and therefore should proceed with caution. In bringing reflective approaches to child observations into social work, a link is made ‘between knowledge of human growth and development, observational skills and effective social work communication with children (Luckock et al, 2006, p 39). A picture of a children’s world, particularly their emotional experience, is created, which may include how they interact with and respond to parents. This may then be used to inform assessment and care planning, including the assessment of neglect (Tanner and Turney, 2000), child protection assessments (Fleming, 2004), multidisciplinary assessments for the family courts (Youell, 2002) and the supervision of contact (Hindle and Easton, 1999). The debate about the health, safety and welfare of children became a preoccupation of government following the death of Victoria Climbie in 2000 (Youell, 2009 and Wilson, 1992). It ‘can refer to both one’s own and one’s partner’s expression, with lack’ of expressiveness on either one’s part seen as dissatisfying’ (Hecht et al., 1989). Cultures vary in what is considered ‘appropriate channelling’ of emotions. For example in some cultural groups restraint of strong feelings is highly valued. Social workers must always consider cultural factors when assessing people (Robinson, 2007. Pg. 116-120). I considered cultural differences whilst observing, Mum was always very quiet and when I met Dad, he was also quiet. Although I was aware that this may be their personalities, I considered if is in their culture to be quiet (see week one, line 49). This experience has taught me that although it is imperative for practitioners to be sensitive to the impact of our presence, it is vital not to forget that we must remain focussed upon the objectives set for the observation. From observing Tom, I found myself particularly interested in his behaviour in relation to his ‘gender role’. I became drawn in to spotting which toys interested him, what he chose to wear and his general behaviour. Piaget has shown how important symbolisation is to cognitive development. One of the many important things children must learn during their first years is what sex they are; they learn that they are expected to behave in different ways according to whether they are a boy or a girl. Learning to behave â€Å"appropriately† for their sex involves learning their â€Å"gender identity† (Davenport, 1992, pg. 275). I will be looking at theories of acquiring a sex-role, looking at; biological factors, social learning and cognitive development. The results of various studies indicate that most children begin to acquire their sex identity from around 18 months. By 2 years they begin to identify what sex other children are, although they’re not too sure of their own gender identity until somewhere between two and a half and three years (Davenport, 1992, pg. 275). Accordingly, at 22 months, Tom should be beginning to identify gender, but not his own for another 7 or 8 months. Boys and girls differ in one chromosome pair; this genetic difference normally leads to differential production of hormones. These hormones lead to differentiation of bodily characteristics, such as the genital organs, and may also influence brain growth and therefore behaviour patterns (Cowie et al, 2003). Theories emphasising biological forces look for experimental evidence that links male hormones with certain types o f behaviour (Davenport, 1992). Collaer and Hines (1995) cited in Cowie et al. (2009) examined the evidence for the effects of sex hormone abnormalities on behaviour over a range of outcome variables. They conclude that the evidence is strongest for childhood play behaviour; in normal foetal development male sex hormones seem to predispose boys to become more physically active. They also argue that the evidence is relatively strong in two other areas: aggression and sexual orientation. Such effects are consistent with evidence that some sex differences appear early in life. Much research has shown males to be more aggressive, and that aggression begins at around 2 years (Cowie et al. pg. 190-192. 2009). Tom demonstrated behaviours of aggression; see ‘observation week four’ (lines 88-103 and 119). This has been explained by the higher testosterone levels than females. However, it is possible that boys are reinforced for behaving aggressively, and this makes them produce more testosterone (Cowie et al. 2009). Money and Ehrhardt (1972) carried out a study to understand the effect that the male sex hormone, androgen has on girls. They examined girls who had been exposed to unusually high levels of androgen before birth. Compared with a matched group of girls who hadn’t, these girls and their mothers reported themselves to being ‘tomboys’. However, Cowie et al (2009) argue that because the parents knew of the hormonal abnormalities, this could have affected their behaviour towards their children. While biological factors are probably important in explanations of sex differences, they do not fully explain the process of sex-role identification, or explain the variations in sex roles in different societies (Cowie et al, 2009). Social Learning theorists claim that we acquire our gender roles by observation, modelling, and being reinforced for behaving accordingly. This implies a learning process, that social factors are also important. For example it may be that female babies are spoken to more often than boys, thus pick up language sooner (Davenport, pg. 276-278, 1992). On reflection, Tom’s Mum spoke more to Molly, although this may be because she was replying to her. An early approach to the learning of sex-role identification was that children are moulded into sex-roles by the behaviour of adults, especially parents and teachers (Bandura, 1969; Mischel, 1970). In its early version (which Maccoby, 2000, calls ‘direct sociolization’) this theory suggests tha t parents and others reward sex-appropriate behaviour in children (cited in Smith et al. 2009), (see week one, lines 45-47 and also lines 40-1 and 56-57). Mum happily helped Tom in to the skirt, although would then attempt to get it off. I wondered if this was because Mum was a bit reluctant to him wearing it, or even feared I may judge her. I also considered if it would be different if Dad were around. Fagot (1978) studied children ages 20-24 months in American homes and found that girls were encouraged by their parents to dance, dress up and play with dolls, whereas boys were encouraged to play with blocks and trucks. Conversely, Tom’s Mum did not discourage him from playing with the pram (see week one, lines 51-54) a typical ‘girls toy’. Furthermore Fagot (1985) found that nursery school teachers tend to reward ‘feminine’ types of behaviour, in both boys and girls, yet this does not prevent boys engaging more in noisy, rough-and-tumble play. Nevertheless, many reviews have felt that this evidence has not been very convincing (Golombok, and Hines, 2002; Maccoby, 2000, cited in Smith et al. 2009). It m ay be that any differential behaviour by parents is simply responding to pre-existing differences in boys and girls behaviour (Davenport, 1992). Indirect socialization (Maccoby, 2000), supposes that children observe the behaviour of same sex models, and imitate them, for example, boys might imitate the behaviour of male figures on TV (cited in Smith et al. 2009).TV features in every record, and Tom was always very engrossed and on more than one occasion I noticed him imitating what was acted or said (see week one, line 52). A report by Himmelweit et al. (1958) looked for changes in children’s behaviour with the concern that violence on television may make children more aggressive, and that many programmes portray stereotyped images of sex roles. Alternatively, others think that television can be used to encourage cooperative behaviour, or reduced stereotyped views (Greenfield, 1984, cited in Smith et al. 2009). This introduces influences on behaviour that suggest the importance of cognitive factors. Social cognitive theory (Bussey and Bandura, 1999) draws together the ideas of both theories. They suggest children monitor their own behaviour built on what is appropriate; identification with peer group monitoring their behaviour in relation to how they expect same-sex peers might react (cited in Cowie et al. 2009). I didn’t get to see Tom interact with any male children, I found Molly to be a great influence on his behaviour; i.e. see week one lines 21-22, 26 and 59. I imagine this is because supposedly he has not yet identified himself as a boy and does not have much, if any, contact with other boys of similar age. Preference for same-sex peers seems to be a cross-cultural phenomenon, and one that increases through childhood into adolescence. Maccoby (1998, 200) has documented this, and argues that it is a key factor in integrating not only cognitive and social factors, but also the biological factors affecting sex differences (Cowie et al. 2009). Observing Tom enabled me a great insight into his world, but has also indeed taught me a lot about myself, gaining skills of self-awareness and reflective practice that I hope to bring to future practice. Bibliography Bandura, A. 1969: Social Learning theory of identificatory processes. In D. A Goslin (ed.), Handbook of Socialization Theory and Research. Chicago: Rand McNally. Peter K.Smith, Helen Cowie and Mark Blades (2009). Understanding Childrens Development . 4th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. 186-194. G C Davenport (1992). An introduction to Child development. London: Colins Educational. 275-291. Money, J. and Ehrhardt, A. A. 1972: Man and Woman, Boy and Girl. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. Michelle Lefevre (2010). Communicating with children and young people making a difference. Bristol: The Policy Press. 147-169. Judith Trowell and Gillian Miles. (1991). The contribution of observation training to professional development in social work . 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